For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our total stock-based compensation expense, which includes reversals of expense for certain forfeited or cancelled awards, was $10,347 and $41,052, respectively. For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our total stock-based compensation expense, which includes reversals of expense for certain forfeited or cancelled awards, was $(3,826) and $266,456, respectively. We have not recorded any income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation in any of the three-month or nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

A summary of the status of our stock options as of September 30, 2023, and changes during the nine-month period then ended, is presented below.

The weighted average grant date fair value per stock option granted during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 was $0.24. Key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model for stock options granted during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 were the Company’s stock price, an expected volatility rate of 89.47%, a risk-free rate of 3.87%, and an expected life of 5.95 years.

A summary of the status of our unvested restricted stock as of September 30, 2023, and changes during the nine-month period then ended, is presented below.

As of September 30, 2023, there was $125,692 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards, which we expect to recognize over the remaining weighted average vesting term of 1.51 years.