Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

v3.8.0.1
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]
a.
Basis of Presentation:
The information presented as of
September 30, 2017
and for the
three
-month and
nine
-month periods ended
September 30, 2017
and
2016
is unaudited, but includes all adjustments (which consist only of normal recurring adjustments) that the management of Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Navidea,” the “Company,” or “we”) believes to be necessary for the fair presentation of results for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The balances as of
September 30, 2017
and the results for the interim periods are
not
necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with Navidea’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended
December 
31,
2016,
which were included as part of our Annual Report on Form
10
-K.
 
Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Navidea and our wholly owned subsidiaries, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals Limited and Cardiosonix Ltd, as well as those of our majority-owned subsidiary, Macrophage Therapeutics, Inc. (
“MT”). All significant inter-company accounts were eliminated in consolidation. Cardiosonix was legally dissolved in
September 2017.
Prior to termination of Navidea’s joint venture with R-NAV, LLC (“R-NAV”) in
May 2016,
Navidea's investment in R-NAV was being accounted for using the equity method of accounting and was therefore
not
consolidated.
 
On
March 3, 2017,
pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement dated
November 23, 2016, (
the “Purchase Agreement”), the Company completed its previously announced sale to Cardinal Health
414,
LLC (“Cardinal Health
414”
) of its assets used, held for use, or intended to be used in operating its business of developing, manufacturing and commercializing a product used for lymphatic mapping, lymph node biopsy, and the diagnosis of metastatic spread to lymph nodes for staging of cancer (the “Business”), including the Company
’s radioactive diagnostic agent marketed under the Lymphoseek
®
trademark for current approved indications by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and similar indications approved by the FDA in the future (the “Product”), in Canada, Mexico and the United States (the “Territory”) (giving effect to the License-Back described below and excluding certain assets specifically retained by the Company) (the “Asset Sale”). Such assets sold in the Asset Sale consist primarily of, without limitation, (i) intellectual property used in or reasonably necessary for the conduct of the Business, (ii) inventory of, and customer, distribution, and product manufacturing agreements related to, the Business, (iii) all product registrations related to the Product, including the new drug application approved by the FDA for the Product and all regulatory submissions in the United States that have been made with respect to the Product and all Health Canada regulatory submissions and, in each case, all files and records related thereto, (iv) all related clinical trials and clinical trial authorizations and all files and records related thereto, and (v) all rights, title and interest in and to the Product, as specified in the Purchase Agreement (the “Acquired Assets”).
 
Upon closing of the Asset Sale, the Supply and Distribution Agreement, dated
November 15, 2007 (
as amended, the “Supply and Distribution Agreement”), between Cardinal Health
414
and the Company was terminated and, as a result, the provisions thereof are of
no
further force or effect (other than any indemnification, payment, notification or data sharing obligations which survive the termination).
 
Our consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations have been reclassified, as required, for all periods presented to reflect the Business as a discontinued operation. Cash flows associated with the operation of the Business have been combined with operating, investing and financing cash flows, as appropriate, in our consolidated statement
s of cash flows. See Note
3.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]
b.
Financial Instruments and Fair Value:
In accordance with current accounting standards, the fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, giving the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level
1
measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level
3
measurements). The
three
levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
 
Level
1
– Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
 
Level
2
– Quoted prices in markets that are
not
active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and
 
Level
3
– Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
 
A financial instrument
’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. In determining the appropriate levels, we perform a detailed analysis of the assets and liabilities whose fair value is measured on a recurring basis. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments which trade infrequently and therefore have little or
no
price transparency are classified as Level
3.
See Note
4.
 
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments:
 
 
(
1
)
Cash, restricted cash, available-for-sale securities, accounts and other receivables, and accounts payable: The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.
 
 
(
2
)
Notes payable: At
September 30, 2017
and
December 
31,
2016,
the conversion option of certain notes payable was required to be recorded at fair value. The estimated fair value of the conversion option was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation. This valuation method includes Level
3
inputs such as the estimated current market interest rate for similar instruments with similar creditworthiness. Unrealized gains and losses on the fair value of the conversion option are classified in other expenses as a change in the fair value of financial instruments in the consolidated statements of operations. At
September 30, 2017,
the fair value of the conversion option is approximately
zero
. See Note
10.
 
 
(
3
)
Derivative liabilities: Derivative liabilities are related to certain outstanding warrants which are recorded at fair value. Derivative liabilities totaling
$63,000
as of
September 30, 2017
and
December 31, 2016
were included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The assumptions used to calculate fair value as of
September 30, 2017
and
December 31, 2016
included volatility, a risk-free rate and expected dividends. In addition, we considered non-performance risk and determined that such risk is minimal. Unrealized gains and losses on the derivatives are classified in other expenses as a change in the fair value of financial instruments in the statements of operations. See Note
4.
 
 
(
4
)
Warrants:  In
March 2017,
in connection with the Asset Sale, the Company granted to each of Cardinal Health
414
and the University of California, San Diego, (“UCSD”), a
five
-year warrant to purchase up to
10
million shares and
1
million shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of
$1.50
per share, each of which warrant is subject to anti-dilution and other customary terms and conditions (the “Series NN warrants”).  The assumptions used to calculate fair value at the date of issuance included volatility, a risk-free rate and expected dividends.   The Series NN warrants granted to Cardinal Health
414
had an estimated fair value of
$3.3
million, which was recorded as a reduction of the gain on sale in the consolidated statement of operations for the
three
-month period ended
March 31, 2017. 
The Series NN warrants granted to UCSD had an estimated fair value of
$334,000,
which was recorded as an intangible asset related to the UCSD license in the consolidated balance sheet during the
three
-month period ended
March 31, 2017. 
See Note
14.
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]
c.
Revenue Recognition:
We currently generate revenue primarily from grants to support various product development initiatives. We generally recognize grant revenue when expenses reimbursable under the grants have been paid and payments under the grants become contractually due.
 
We also earn revenues related to our licensing and distribution agreements. The terms of these agreements
may
include payment to us of non-refundable upfront license fees, funding or reimbursement of research and development efforts, milestone payments if specified objectives are achieved, and/or royalties on product sales. We evaluate all deliverables within an arrangement to determine whether or
not
they provide value on a stand-alone basis. We recognize a contingent milestone payment as revenue in its entirety upon our achievement of a substantive milestone if the consideration earned from the achievement of the milestone (i) is consistent with performance required to achieve the milestone or the increase in value to the delivered item, (ii) relates solely to past performance and (iii) is reasonable relative to all of the other deliverables and payments within the arrangement. We received a non-refundable upfront cash payment of
$2.0
million from SpePharm AG upon execution of the SpePharm License Agreement in
March 2015.
We determined that the license and other non-contingent deliverables d
id
not
have stand-alone value because the license could
not
be deemed to be fully delivered for its intended purpose unless we performed our other obligations, including specified development work. Accordingly, they did
not
meet the separation criteria, resulting in these deliverables being considered a single unit of account. As a result, revenue relating to the upfront cash payment was deferred and was being recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated obligation period of
two
years. However, the remaining deferred revenue of
$417,000
was recognized upon obtaining European approval of a reduced-mass vial in
September 2016,
several months earlier than originally anticipated.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]
d.
Recent
ly Adopted
Accounting
Standards
:
In
March 2016,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
No.
2016
-
09,
Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic
178
): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting
.  ASU
2016
-
09
simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.  ASU
2016
-
09
is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after
December 15, 2016,
and interim periods within those annual periods.  Methods of adoption vary according to each of the amendment provisions.  The adoption of ASU
2016
-
09
on
January 1, 2017
did
not
have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements because:
 
 
As of
December 31, 2016,
$15.3
million of our U.S. net operating loss carryforwards related to stock-based compensation tax deductions in excess of book compensation expense (“APIC NOLs”), that will be credited to additional paid-in capital when such deductions reduce taxes payable as determined on a "with-and-without" basis. Accordingly, these APIC NOLs will reduce federal taxes payable if realized in future periods. As of
December 31, 2016,
we have also recorded a full valuation allowance against these APIC NOLs.  This resulted in a
zero
cumulative effect adjustment to accumulated deficit as a result of the adoption of ASU
2016
-
09.
 
 
Due to the full valuation allowance for the Company’s tax provision, these APIC NOLs have never been recorded in additional paid-in-capital. The Company does
not
anticipate any impact going forward, as any amounts to be recorded in the consolidated statements of operations would be fully offset by the valuation allowance, nor would they result in a related classification in cash flows for operating activities.
 
 
The Company will continue to recognize forfeitures through estimates consistent with our past practices as opposed to when they occur.
 
 
The Company already classifies cash paid to taxing authorities arising from the withholding of shares from employees in cash flows from financing activities.
 
 
e.
Recent Accounting Standards:
In
May 2014,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2014
-
09,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606
)
, which will supersede existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU
2014
-
09
is that a company should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU
2014
-
09
defines a
five
-step process that requires companies to exercise more judgment and make more estimates than under the current guidance. These
may
include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price, and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. Since the issuance of ASU
2014
-
09,
several additional ASUs have been issued and incorporated within Topic
606
to clarify various elements of the guidance. ASU
2014
-
09
allows a choice of transition methods: (a) a full retrospective adoption in which the standard is applied to all of the periods presented, or (b) a modified retrospective adoption in which the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements with a cumulative-effect adjustment reflected in retained earnings. ASU
2014
-
09
also requires significantly expanded disclosures regarding the qualitative and quantitative information of an entity’s nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. ASU
2014
-
09
is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2017,
including interim periods within those periods.
 
Following the sale of the Business to Cardinal Health
414
in
March 2017,
we generate revenue primarily from grants to support certain of our product development programs. Such grant revenues are recognized only after expenses reimbursable under the grants have been paid. We also earn revenues related to our licensing and distribution agreements. The consideration we are eligible to receive under our licensing and distribution agreements typically includes upfront payments, reimbursement for research and development costs, milestone payments, and royalties. Each licensing and distribution agreement is unique and will require separate assessment using the
five
-step process under ASU
2014
-
09.
Management is working to complete its evaluation of the impact of adopting ASU
2014
-
09,
however we currently do
not
anticipate that it will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. We will adopt ASU
2014
-
09
along with additional related ASUs effective
January 1, 2018.
We currently plan to use the modified retrospective method of adoption.
 
In
January 2017,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2017
-
01,
Business Combinations (Topic
805
), Clarifying the Definition of a Business
. ASU
2017
-
01
provides a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities (collectively, a “set”) is
not
a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair market value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is
not
a business. If the screen is
not
met, ASU
2017
-
01
(
1
) requires that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output, and (
2
) removes the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. ASU
2017
-
01
is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after
December 15, 2017,
including interim periods within those periods. ASU
2017
-
01
should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date.
No
disclosures are required at transition. Early adoption is permitted for certain transactions as described in ASU
2017
-
01.
Management is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU
2017
-
01
will have on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In
May 2017,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2017
-
09,
Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic
718
), Scope of Modification Accounting
. ASU
2017
-
09
provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. An entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all of the following criteria are met: (
1
) The fair value of the modified award is the same as the fair value of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. If the modification does
not
affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is
not
required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification. (
2
) The vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. (
3
) The classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. Disclosure requirements remain unchanged. ASU
2017
-
09
is effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after
December 15, 2017.
Early adoption is permitted as described in ASU
2017
-
09.
Management is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU
2017
-
09
will have on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In
September 2017,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2017
-
13,
Revenue Recognition (Topic
605
), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606
), Leases (Topic
840
), and Leases (Topic
842
)
. ASU
2017
-
13
adds SEC paragraphs pursuant to an SEC Staff Announcement made in
July 2017
and clarifies several issues related to transition and implementation of the covered topics, including clarification of the definition of a public business entity, the effect of a change in tax law or rates on leveraged leases, and related amendments to the eXstensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”) taxonomy. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU
2017
-
13
will have on our consolidated financial statements.