Navidea is focused on the development and commercialization of precision immunodiagnostic agents and immunotherapeutics. We manage our business based on two primary types of drug products: (i) diagnostic substances, including Tc99m tilmanocept and other diagnostic applications of our Manocept platform, and (ii) therapeutic development programs, including all therapeutic applications of our Manocept platform. Tc99m tilmanocept, which the Company has a license to distribute outside of Canada, Mexico and the United States, is the only one of the Company’s drug product candidates that has been approved for sale in any market. Tc99 tilmanocept has only been approved for sale in the European Union (“EU”), the UK, India and Australia.

We earn revenue from product sales to end customers, primarily in Europe. Revenue from product sales is generally recognized at the point where the customer obtains control of the goods and we satisfy our performance obligation, which occurs upon either shipment of the product or arrival at its destination, depending upon the shipping terms of the transaction. Our customers have no right to return products purchased in the ordinary course of business, however, we may allow returns in certain circumstances based on specific agreements. Normal payment terms generally range from 30 to 90 days from invoice date, in accordance with each contract or purchase order.

The Company also recognizes revenue from up-front license fees and pre-market milestones after the cash has been received from its customers and the performance obligations have been met. Payments for sales-based royalties and milestones are generally received after the related revenue has been recognized and invoiced. Normal payment terms generally range from 15 to 90 days following milestone achievement or royalty invoice, in accordance with each contract.

Up-front and milestone payments received related to our license and distribution agreements in India and China are deferred until Tc99m tilmanocept has been approved by the regulatory authorities and product sales are authorized to commence in each of those countries. The Company received regulatory approval for Tc99m tilmanocept in India in late March 2022, however certain additional approvals, such as an import license and authorization to use an alternative manufacturer, must be obtained prior to commercial sales launch in India. It is not possible to determine with any degree of certainty whether or when regulatory approval for this product will be achieved in China, if at all. In addition, since sales of Tc99m tilmanocept have not yet begun in India or China, there is no basis for estimating whether, to what degree, or the rate at which the product will be accepted and utilized in these markets. Therefore, it is not possible to determine with any degree of certainty the expected sales in future periods in those countries. As such, the Company intends to recognize revenue from up-front and milestone payments on a straight-line basis beginning at the time of commercial sales launch in each country through the end of the initial term of each agreement. The initial term of each agreement is eight years in India and ten years in China.

The transaction price of a contract is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer. Transaction prices do not include amounts collected on behalf of third parties (e.g., sales taxes). To determine the transaction price of a contract, the Company considers the terms of the contract. For the purpose of determining transaction prices, the Company assumes that the goods or services will be transferred to the customer as promised in accordance with existing contracts and that the contracts will not be cancelled, renewed, or modified.

When estimating a contract’s transaction price, the Company considers all the information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to it and identifies possible consideration amounts. Most of the Company’s contracts with customers include both fixed and variable components of the transaction price. Under those contracts, some or all of the consideration for satisfied performance obligations is contingent on events over which the Company has no direct influence. For example, regulatory approval or product sales volume milestones are contingent upon the achievement of those milestones by the distributor. Additionally, the prices charged to end users of Tc99m tilmanocept, upon which royalty payments are based in India and China, are set by the distributor in each of those countries.

The milestone payments have a binary outcome (that is, the Company will either receive all or none of each milestone payment) and can be estimated using the most-likely-amount method. Taking into account the constraint on variable consideration, the Company has assessed the likelihood of achieving the non-sales-based milestone payments in our current contracts and has determined that it is probable the milestones will be achieved and the Company will receive the consideration. Accordingly, it is probable that including those payments in the transaction price will not result in a significant revenue reversal when the contingency is resolved. Therefore, the amount of the non-sales-based milestone payments is included in the transaction price.

Royalties are estimated based on the expected value method because they are based on a variable amount of sales representing a range of possible outcomes. However, when taking into account the constraint on variable consideration, the estimate of future royalties included in the transaction price is generally $0. This conclusion is based on the fact that Tc99m tilmanocept is early in the commercial launch process in Europe and Australia, and sales have not yet begun in India or China, therefore there is currently no basis for estimating whether, to what degree, or the rate at which the product will be accepted and utilized in these markets. Similarly, we currently have no basis for estimating whether sales-based milestones will ever be achieved. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue from royalties when the related sales occur and from sales-based milestones when they are achieved.

Up-front fees, milestones and royalties are generally non-refundable. Therefore, the Company does not estimate expected refunds nor do we adjust revenue downward. The Company will evaluate and update the estimated transaction prices of its contracts with customers at the end of each reporting period.

During the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized revenue from contracts with customers of $7,516 and $9,116, respectively. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized revenue from contracts with customers of $14,035 and $44,665, respectively. During the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not recognize any related impairment losses, nor did the Company recognize any revenue from performance obligations associated with long-term contracts that were satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods.

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

The following economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company’s revenue and cash flows as indicated:

Geographical Location of Customers: Drug pricing models vary among different markets, which in turn may affect the royalty rates and milestones we are able to negotiate with our distributors in those markets. Royalty rates and milestone payments vary by contract but may be based in part on the potential market size in each territory. In the case of Tc99m tilmanocept, royalty rates for Europe were lower than rates in India but higher than in China.

Status of Regulatory Approval: The majority of revenue from contracts with customers will generally be recognized after the product is approved for sale in each market. Each Tc99m tilmanocept customer operates in its own distinct regulatory environment, and the laws and pathways to drug product approval vary by market. Tc99m tilmanocept has been approved for sale in the EU and the UK, thus the Company recognized revenue from sales in Europe. Tc99m tilmanocept was approved for sale in India in March 2022, however product sales have not yet commenced. Tc99m tilmanocept has not yet been approved for sale in China and may never achieve approval in that market. The regulatory pathways and timelines in China will impact whether and when the Company recognizes the related royalties and milestones.

Through September 30, 2022, the Company has not capitalized any contract-related costs as contract assets.

The following table summarizes the changes in contract liabilities during the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

The Company had sales revenue receivable of $7,516 and $0 outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company had license revenue receivable of $0 and $1,021 outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

In addition to revenue from contracts from customers, we also generate revenue from National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) grants to support various product development initiatives. The revenue recognition standard applies to revenue from contracts with customers. A customer is defined as a party that has contracted with an entity to obtain goods or services that are an output of the entity’s ongoing major or central operations in exchange for consideration. The Company’s ongoing major or central operations consist of the development and commercialization of precision immunodiagnostic agents and immunotherapeutics. The NIH and its various institutes are responsible for biomedical and public health research and provide major biomedical research funding to non-NIH research facilities and entities such as Navidea. While the Company will directly benefit from any knowledge gained from the project, there is also a public health benefit provided, which justifies the use of public funds in the form of the grants. Based on the nature of the Company’s operations and the terms of the grant awards, Navidea does not have a vendor-customer relationship with the NIH and the grant awards are outside the scope of the revenue recognition standard. Accordingly, the revenue recognition standard need not be applied to the NIH grants. During the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized grant revenue of $0 and $12,266, respectively. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized grant revenue of $51,007 and $86,500, respectively.